National idenity -Georgia

National Identity in Georgia 

The Eurovision Song Contest is a friendly competition between European countries. Each country brings forward a song and everyone votes for their favorite but cannot vote for their own country. While this isn’t a political show, it provides an opportunity for each country to showcase its best song and national identity. Displaying their national identity allows countries to update the rest of Europe on where they are societally and nationally. National identity is important to understand since it is how a country wants to differentiate itself from those around it. Through the definition of key terminology and delving into historical context, I will help conceptualize the national identity of Georgia.  

Anna Triandafyllidou defines a nation using Anthony Smith's definition along with some elaboration on the psychological bonds within a country.  Smith’s definition states that a nation is “a named human population sharing a historical territory, common myths and historical memories, a mass public culture, a common economy, and common legal rights and duties for all members.” (Triandafyllidou, 1998, p. 595) And elaborates by stating that there is an “irrational, psychological bond that binds fellow nationals together and which is supposed to constitute the essence of national identity.” (Triandafyllidou, 1998, p. 595)Hence, Georgia would be considered a nation due to its large human population, general common myths and beliefs amongst its citizens, an acknowledged social culture, and common economy. This thorough definition will help us properly understand what the first part of national identity is. As for the second part, The Britannica dictionary states that an identity is “the qualities, beliefs, etc., that make a particular person or group different from others.” (Britannica Dictionary, n.d.)  

These “others” come up a lot in many definitions of identity and Triandafyllidou mentions that the quest for authenticity is inseparable from the concept of the other and others may differ from the main group through language, dress, beliefs, and physical territory. (Triandafyllidou, 1998, p. 596) The presence of the “other” is what propels a nation to create an identity and differentiate itself. The others are generally considered the “out-group” whether they are a minority within the nation or majority in a neighboring country, the mere fact that they are different in some way makes them the out-group. Thus, the nation considers itself the “in-group” and those that identify with the nation fall under this category. These terms relating to Georgia could look like Georgians being the “in-group”, and Russians being the “out-group”. Lastly, “nation branding” is “the phenomenon by which governments engage in self-conscious activities aimed at producing a certain image of the nation-state” (Jordan, 2014, p. 283). This is important to understand when noticing when countries do certain things to participate in nation branding.  

Situated at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, Georgia's historical context is intricately woven with the influences of neighboring powers. Over the centuries, the nation has navigated its relations with Persia, the Ottoman Empire, and Russia, each leaving an indelible mark on Georgia's cultural, political, and social landscape. These historical interactions have played a crucial role in shaping the nuanced layers of Georgia's national identity, reflecting a dynamic interplay of external influences.  

The genesis of Georgia's modern national identity can be traced back to a defining moment in 1991 when it emerged as an independent nation following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This watershed event not only marked the culmination of years under Soviet rule but also laid the foundation for a renewed sense of sovereignty and self-determination. Presenting Georgia with the opportunity for nation branding. Thus, this became a significant part of the national identity. Additionally, after the Rose Revolution in November 2003, Georgia’s momentum of becoming more European was launched as they applied to be in NATO and the EU. The rose revolution “was interpreted as “the masses upholding Georgia's national dignity and democratic values” that implied re-entry into Europe” (Kakachia & Minesashvilli, 2015, p. 175).  

The dynamics of national identity are inherently linked to the complexities of identifying in groups and out groups within a society. For example, partly to subdue the soviet past, “Russia is defined as an “other” on the grounds of its different social order and values.” In Georgia, this complexity is manifested in the diverse ethnic groups that coexist within its borders. (Kakachia & Minesashvilli, 2015, pp. 178-179) From Georgians to Armenians and Azerbaijanis, the mosaic of ethnic identities contributes to the multifaceted nature of 'Georgianness.' Understanding the historical relationships between these groups provides insights into the intricate dynamics of national identity formation and the challenges of fostering unity amidst diversity. “Georgia's effort to break away from the post-Soviet space” as well as its embrace of its multinational population, fit into nation branding and national identity as “a country striving for democracy and association with the West” (Kakachia & Minesashvilli, 2015, pp. 178-179)  

The traditional schema that governs the beliefs and social norms of Georgia's population is deeply rooted in its historical legacy. “[F]irst as a Christian state in contrast to Georgia's Muslim neighbors and later as European. After disappointment with Orthodox Russia, Georgia continued its quest for a European future through direct relations with the West.“ (Kakachia & Minesashvilli, 2015, p. 178) Traditional customs, rituals, and a strong emphasis on familial ties contribute to the fabric of Georgian society. The coexistence of ancient traditions with contemporary influences showcases the adaptive nature of Georgia's national identity, highlighting the resilience of cultural heritage in the face of evolving societal dynamics.  

Georgia’s love for their mother tongue is also a strong part of their national identity. Their resistance to Russification during the soviet union was notable. Although mostly unsuccessful, several protests were held against the russification of Georgia. Despite this, a protest in Tbilisi against the disregard of their mother tongue led to real change. “More than thirty thousand people demonstrated in Tbilisi against such constitutional changes on 14 April 1978” (Amirejibi-Mullen, 2011, p. 259) which led to a surprising response by Russian officials when they ” restored the status of Georgian in the constitution” (Amirejibi-Mullen, 2011, p. 259). Because of this event, every year April 14th is known as Mother Tongue Day and is honored by Georgians as one of the markers of getting their national identity back.  

In conclusion, Georgia's participation in the Eurovision Song Contest provides a unique lens through which we can examine its national identity. While the competition itself may not be overtly political, it serves as an invaluable platform for countries to showcase their distinctive songs and, by extension, their national identities. This act of cultural expression allows nations, including Georgia, to communicate societal and national nuances to the broader European community.  

Georgia's journey to independence in 1991 and its strategic geographical positioning at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia significantly contribute to the multifaceted nature of its national identity. Historical interactions with neighboring powers, such as Persia, the Ottoman Empire, and Russia, play a crucial role in shaping the intricate layers of Georgia's cultural and social fabric. The coexistence of diverse ethnic identities, traditional customs, and the influence of the Georgian Orthodox Church highlights the adaptive nature of Georgia's national identity. This adaptability, showcased through the synthesis of ancient traditions with contemporary influences, underscores the resilience of the nation's cultural heritage amidst evolving societal dynamics.  

As Georgia continues its journey in the modern world, the ongoing evolution of its national identity will undoubtedly be shaped by a delicate interplay of historical legacies and contemporary influences. The richness of Georgia's historical tapestry serves as a testament to the nation's adaptability and resilience, reflecting a deep-rooted connection to its heritage. The Eurovision Song Contest, through the celebration of music and cultural expression, becomes a microcosm through which Georgia's national identity is both affirmed and communicated to the wider European community.  

  

  

  

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References 

​Amirejibi-Mullen, R. (2011). Language Policy and National Identity in Georgia, 28-277. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/14/2/272  

​Triandafyllidou, A. (1998). National identity and the “other.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 21(4), 595-600. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/014198798329784  

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​Kakachia, K., & Minesashvilli, S. (2015). Identity politics: Exploring Georgian foreign policy behavior. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 171-179. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1016/j.euras.2015.04.002  

​Lebanidze, B., & Kakabadze, S. (2023). Spoiler or Facilitator? Radicalization of the Georgian Orthodox Church and Its Impact on Societal Resilience in Georgia. Religions, 1-7. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/14/2/272  

​Britannica Dictionary. (n.d.). identity. Retrieved from The Britannic Dictionary: https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/identity  

​Jordan, P. (2014, September ). NATION BRANDING: A TOOL FOR NATIONALISM? Journal of Baltic Studies, 45, 283. https://www-jstor-org.proxy.seattleu.edu/stable/pdf/26764050.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A55a337facf6b9a8fa7c49b404a5a48a3&ab_segments=&origin=&initiator=&acceptTC=1  

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